What Is Chemistry?  

"Livings are biology but Life is Chemistry"

Chemistry is the science of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.

Life itself is full of chemistry; i.e., life is the reflection of a series of continuous biochemical processes. Right from the composition of the cell to the whole organism, the presence of chemistry is conspicuous. Human beings are constructed physically of chemicals, live in a plethora of chemicals and are dependent on chemicals for their quality of modern life. All living organisms are composed of numerous organic substances. 

The readership of this blog could extend up to the students & researchers of various subject areas within, Chemical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Sciences, Life Sciences and Health Sciences etc

Emerging Fields of Research in Chemistry

Green Chemistry:- Over the past few years, the idea of chemistry has been mobilized to develop new techniques that are less hazardous to human health and the environment. This new approach has received extensive attention and goes by many names including Green Chemistry, Environmentally Benign Chemistry and Clean Chemistry. Green Chemistry with its 12 principles would like to see changes in the conventional ways that were used for decades to make synthetic organic chemical substances and the use of less toxic starting materials. By changing the methodologies of organic synthesis health and safety will be advanced in the small scale laboratory level but also will be extended to the industrial large scale production processes through the new techniques.

 

Synthon approach:- Synthon approach is a very useful analytical approach to Organic synthesis in which the target molecule is broken into fragments through a series of logical disconnection to get the best possible and likely starting or building blocks for the target molecule. In each case the starting material is converted to some desired compound, the target molecule through some key intermediate. Actually, a number of synthetic routes can be written for a given target molecule. But in actual synthesis, generally that route is selected which is economical, safe, and easy to carry out and produces maximum yield in a short reaction time. 

Combinatorial chemistry:- Searching for a compound with the desired biological activity, the more compounds we can screen the more likely we are going to find a useful lead compound.  The traditional method of medicinal chemistry concerned the preparation, purification and characterization of individual compounds. if this process is speeded up then faster progress can be made. In the process of finding new drug candidates medicinal chemists nowadays have a variety of options to choose from, one is to apply combinatorial chemistry techniques. The technique of combinatorial chemistry (‘CombiChem’) has helped the way chemists go about searching for lead compounds and also at the stage of lead optimization. Applying these techniques has resulted in the production of large numbers of compounds. A trend is observed towards smaller libraries of compounds with more drug-like properties.

Chemical Category Formation Read-across analysis:- Chemical category formation and subsequent read-across analysis have been suggested as the scientific method. In this approach scientific background are using the formation of chemical categories, or groups, of molecules to allow for read-across i.e. the prediction of toxicity from chemical structure. The approaches to perform read-across within a chemical category are also described without the excessive use of animals.

                                                       
Green solvents:- The use of hazardous and toxic solvents in chemical synthesis considered a very important problem for the health and safety of researchers, students, workers and environmental pollution. Green Chemistry aims to exchange the use of toxic solvents with greener alternatives, with replacement and synthetic techniques, separation and purification which do not need the use of solvents. Green Chemistry has placed the solvent issue of synthetic organic chemistry and practices in their use at the same level with alternative synthetic routes in chemical industry. Green solvents have been characterized for their low toxicity, higher low solubility in water (low miscibility), easily biodegradable under environmental conditions, high boiling point (not very volatile, low odor, health problems to workers) and easy to recycle after use.

In silico studies:- The use of computers and computational methods permeates all aspects of drug discovery today and forms the core of structure-based drug design. Drug discovery is mostly portrayed as a linear, consecutive process that starts with target and lead discovery, followed by lead optimization and pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies to determine if such compounds satisfy a number of pre-set criteria for initiating clinical development. In silico methods are an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." To test these hypotheses they have consistently used traditional pharmacology tools such as in vivo and in vitro models. Increasingly over the last decade however we have seen that computational (in silico) methods have been developed and applied to pharmacology hypothesis development and testing.

And many more.....

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